Benchmarks

Benchmarks & methods.

Retrospective dry-lab design quality metrics for Kairos v0.4.0. Every number is reproducible from the deterministic design tools — no opaque scoring.

Important: These are dry-lab design quality ranking metrics. They measure how well Kairos ranks construct designs relative to each other. They are NOT expression level predictions, titer predictions, or wet-lab outcome guarantees. Real expression requires experimental validation.

Host fidelity

Within-protein codon ranking.

Kairos ranks CDS candidates for each target by how closely their codon usage resembles the host organism (Pichia). Within-protein ranking correlation (Spearman ρ) measures whether higher-scored candidates are consistently preferred.

Within-protein ranking ρ

≈ +0.35

Spearman correlation between Kairos codon reward and host-similarity, within-protein. Positive = higher-scored candidates are more host-like.

Method

LOGO CV

Leave-one-group-out cross-validation. Retrospective — computed on existing data, not prospective validation.

Expression-construct optimization

Learned element effects.

Kairos learns element effects from expression-construct data. The learned effects are consistent with known biology: pCS1 and ERO1/SBH1 promoter/terminator elements show the expected directional impact. Cross-source generalization is measured across independent data cohorts.

Cross-source ρ

≈ 0.12–0.26

Spearman ρ across cross-source folds. Range reflects method-dependent variation (within-source standardization on/off). Lower bound = conservative.

Dataset

~627 records

21 cross-source folds. Retrospective calibrator evaluation; not a prospective predictor of expression or titer.

Coverage

What Kairos evaluates today.

Every design candidate is scored across multiple axes — each a deterministic, re-runnable computation:

Axis 1

Synthesis safety

Restriction sites, repeats, GC content, stop codons — hard constraints that block synthesis.

Axis 2

5′ translation initiation

Kozak context, secondary structure, start-codon accessibility.

Axis 3

Host codon fidelity

Codon adaptation to Pichia usage tables; within-protein ranking ρ ≈ +0.35.

Axis 4

Developability

Protein-level flags: aggregation tendency, glycosylation sites, stability signals.

Kairos version: v0.4.0 · Engine: v0.1.0
Data snapshot: 2026-07-09
Method: retrospective LOGO cross-validation on existing expression-construct data
Scope: Pichia (Komagataella phaffii) only
Full changelog →

Every number here is re-runnable. Try one.

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